'Building with Wood' celebrates the fourth session of the training program "Aulamadera" After 10 years
Wednesday, November 10, 2010
Europe, Eurasia and Middle East, President Chavez signed numerous accords great importance to the economic development of Venezuela. Perhaps the most interesting people are the arrangements for housing and factories to produce on an industrial components for the construction of these. civil engineer, Master of Science, expert prefabricated concrete constructions for Jaime Unda to comment on the decisions of President Chavez on the construction
during his last visit to Europe, Eurasia and Middle East.Jaime.Unda
-The agreements really reading and seeing the models presented in these agreements my heart was pounding as my mind moved to 2000, when they first we gave to the Presidency in Miraflores our Project Precast Venezuela. " This project was our contribution to the revolution, to try to solve the housing problem techniques adapted to modern lifestyle and idiosyncrasies of our Latin American (I was born in Chile). So I started looking around Caracas and surrounding concrete factories, meeting with a lot of these, as well as very modern technologies virtually abandoned in various parts of the Miranda State. This gave me strength and optimism to write our project, "Precast Venezuela" which was composed Building System (Know How), besides the participation of the Institute of Materials and Structural Models (IMME) of - UCV, and the Laboratory of Civil Constructions - LACOCIV-IUT, also a concrete and construction company, which had abandoned technology but perfectly served for adaptation to the construction of large elements in particular that at heart he was the Venezuelan Precast create. Just missing the Ministry of Infrastructure and Planning at the time. The project's goal was to donate to the Ministry (Government of President Chávez) building system to be patented by this, obtaining Venezuela Precast System itself.
Jose Sanchez: What happened to the project?JU- "Precast Venezuela" was a very quick response from President Hugo Chávez, and sent to the Ministry of Planning, after that followed a trip by several ministries and state companies, without obtaining reaction of these, so I tired of the ministerial tourism and having exhausted my own funding, with much pain I left Venezuela without understanding because they (the ministry) did not give importance to our aid.
Do you think the project was too advanced prefabricated at the time?
JU-
friend CheoI think that you have all the reason, prefabricated or rather, the construction of houses with large prefabricated elements was then something foreign to traditional thinking that existed in the field of construction at the time, and if you add the fact that the idea was to build the prefabricated with our own resources - impossible. I understand that today but then I with my strength my knowledge and love for the revolution I could not understand much less accept. So now read the statements by Mr President Chávez I think that we are on track, but the road is hard and full of detours, and although that is very positive that it will no longer be the precast strange concept is no less true that we get used to make solutions that are borrowed from other places that have been created to solve the problem of habitat in these regions, in Venezuela, in Latin America have our own environment, our own ways of life is our character and that not only solved with the help of architectural designs.
"Explain yourself better, that has to do with the precast Habitat?
JU-
The precast was born after the Second World War in Europe as a solution to the problem haticional. Factories were built, each produced and until today have the ability to produce homes and apartments at a rate of 3-4 per day. This production rate as high brings its own problems, since what matters is the amount due to a real need and if we add that they appear also a variety of building systems, which were impossible to combine, resulting in the birth of buildings same no variety whatsoever. In my years working in the USSR in the Scientific Research Institute of the City of Moscow, trying to find solutions where most universal elements of a system could be used in another and vice versa. The systems then were "closed", ie a mold used for a type of dimension, if you want to build an element 20cm longer can do it alone and when building a new "mold", so it is impossible to build houses or other buildings, which are scheduled for this "series" of prefabricated always have to produce the same buildings, at most of different heights, and appeared in the USSR cities that had identical buildings you to physically visit these regions and see them in pictures is not wise to differentiate from where they were: Moscow, Leningrad and Krasnodar. The Institute also works projects with prefabricated systems the southern regions of the USSR, Yugoslavia, Mongolia, Cuba, addressed these projects myself, but yet these were not always accepted by the population, in Samarkand, Bukhara, Tashkent, for example the locals preferred to live in their old homes. I was in Cuba last year and repeatedly seemed to be living in the USSR. A Habitat architecture designed for other Habitat would be strange to them and these people could not be accommodated. As long as we understood the Habitat and the environment which occupies a biological population, ie the space that meets the conditions in which the species can live, reproduce and perpetuate their presence. In the Tropic people are accustomed to living with nature 365 days a year in the Nordic countries people can not do, however much they wanted
.
José Sánchez:
Does that mean we will have the same buildings in Venezuela?
JU- No, no, under any circumstances, but to achieve this NO, hard work necessary for the creation of a system prefabricated own appropriate solutions enable our Habitat. A prefabricated system of Venezuela for Venezuelans, this hard work is not done in the morning to evening, but the fact you start to build prefabricated houses and buildings of Belarus, is a step forward, despite the contradiction.
José Sánchez:
But Venezuela has a capacity to produce its own prefab? Why where you start?
JU- The answer is yes, do not forget that Venezuela is a revolutionary process that is building socialism and is led by President Chávez, which step is directing the ship in that direction. He created the Bolivarian University of Venezuela and its government has been generous with scholarships to study abroad. In addition the country has scientific institutes and a lot of universities, all this involves a lot of young scholars willing to take their place in the construction of socialism. As for where to start, we should do according to new moral standards existing today is in a socialist, or at least trying. For this reason the formation of a team of 5 -6 working people all with equal rights and duties under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development would be enough to begin the task of creating the Venezuelan Precast System.
José Sánchez:
Do manufactured homes can be built both in Merida Falcon as if we take into account the role of the materials used in producing prefabricated?
JU- The answer is yes. Usually facade elements (outside panels) for cold regions have a thickness of 30-40cm and are generally of three layers (sandwich type), this thickness is not necessary for facade elements in warm areas. Therefore if the system to use is "closed" closed systems should employ different or a closed system with "mold" of different thickness. Now however if you begrudge a construction system "open" would use the same system as this gives the possibility of constructing different items thickness and size.
José Sánchez: Your "Readymade Venezuela" do you think is valid today?
JU- I think so, and now more than ever, since the agreements signed by President Chavez will make engineers, architects, and specialists in general specialize in apartment buildings with large elements, Venezuela and win a technique that had not properly managed and gives outstanding results. And this is progress. Do not forget that Sweden solved the problem thanks to prefabricated housing. In the 60-70 season in Sweden there were over 100 precast factories today is not even 10.
"In practice you would need from a technical point of view to develop your project?
JU-
From a technical standpoint, I do not think there is a problem because the resources are in Venezuela, only have to look again, the most important are the agreements with the government or a state the country to develop a pilot project to begin. Now imagine building four "templates" using old equipment, readjust to the new technology, with 4 of them would have a house, because in these "molds" will produce the facade elements, now 4 items facade to mount form a cube that put a ceiling is transformed into a house .. The facade elements can be produced with two types of concrete one for the outside (Architectural Concrete) and a common concrete for the inside. The foundations always be made as a slab floor. Each item would have a weight range between 4-7 tons according to the number of windows or doors.
Now if we had 40 "molds" and talking about a large factory in which its production would be 10 houses per day. Then we should have stable cranes 12 to 15 tons, a station capable of producing 30m3 concrete over an hour.
By this I explain that with a "free" does not much matter how much is the quantity produced, the important thing is that moving factories can be mounted next to the building, everything is much easier and therefore cheaper, do not forget that construction is synonymous of travel products (cement, sand, stone, water, concrete) going back and forth to achieve the planned construction.
José Sánchez:
Are not you afraid of competing with the agreements?
JU- not the opposite, it would be a tremendous experience in combining the new with what already exists, the benefit would be mutual. For example, the introduction of Concrete (Concrete) Architectural, we would be helping to add color and life to the facade elements eliminate all types of paints. Moreover, we could supply small-scale architectural elements for entries, balconies, verandas etc. Now the most important thing is to create systems that can be used not only
in residential construction and residential buildings, but also in building schools, prisons, clinics, health clubs in order in everything needed for the new socialist city.
José Sánchez:
If you take a look at economic calculation would come out as the costs of a 70m2 apartment or house?
JU- To build a house of 70 m2 including floor, walls and ceiling of concrete takes approximately 30 m3 of concrete, concrete cost represents about 60-70% of the total construction cost. This is a very good comparative data. The prefabricated system will always be cheaper than traditional construction and this because of their planning, standardization, mechanization, specialization, reduction of "leftovers" of materials, etc.
The advantages of the production of prefabricated elements can be specified as follows:
Production stable, with a high level of productivity production of high quality housing very short construction period
very low production costs
very basic organization and management in the construction period
Good environment for the worker.
via aporrea.org
Posted by email from Wooden Houses Antuco, Mexico
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